Biography of Gregorio Zara, Inventor of the Videophone

Gregorio Zara (March 8, 1902–October 15, 1978) was a Filipino scientist best known as the inventor of the videophone, the first two-way electronic video communicator, in 1955. All told, he patented 30 devices. His other inventions ranged from an alcohol-powered airplane engine to a solar-powered water heater and stove. Fast Facts: Gregorio Zara Known For: Inventor of the video telephoneBorn: March 8, 1902 in Lipa City, Batangas, PhilippinesDied: October 15, 1978Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, Sorbonne UniversityAwards and Honors: National Scientist Award (Philippines)Spouse: Engracia Arcinas LaconicoChildren: Antonio, Pacita, Josefina, Lourdesï » ¿ Early Life Gregorio Zara was born on March 8, 1902, in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines. He earned a bachelors degree in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a masters in aeronautical engineering (summa cum laude) at the University of Michigan, and a doctorate in physics at Sorbonne University in Paris (summa cum laude with Tres Honorable, the highest graduate student honor). He returned to the Philippines and became involved in both the government and the academic worlds. He worked in several posts with the Department of Public Works and Communications and the Department of National Defense, mostly in the aviation. At the same time, he taught aeronautics at several universities—including the American Far Eastern School of Aviation, the Far Eastern University, and the FEATI University—and published many books and research papers on aeronautics. In 1934 Zara married Engracia Arcinas Laconico, who the year before had been named Miss Philippines. They had four children: Antonio, Pacita, Josefina, and Lourdesï » ¿. Discoveries Begin In 1930, he discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance, known as the Zara Effect, which involves the resistance to the passage of an electric current when contacts are in motion. Later he invented the earth induction compass, which is still used by pilots, and in 1954 his airplane engine powered by alcohol had a successful test flight at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Then came the videophone. Before video calling became as commonplace as it is in the 21st century, the technology had been developed but started slowly, possibly because it was so far ahead of its time. In the middle of the 1950s, long before the start of the digital age, Zara developed the first videophone or two-way television-telephone. The device left the realm of science fiction and comic books when Zara patented it in 1955 as a â€Å"photo phone signal separator network.† Videophone Catches On That first iteration didnt catch on, largely because it wasn’t intended as a commercial product. But in the 1960s, ATT began working on a model of a videophone, called a â€Å"picturephone,† aimed at the public. The company released the videophone at the 1964 New York World’s Fair, but it was seen as impractical and didnt fare well. It caught fire as the digital age was beginning in the late 1990s. The videophone first caught on as a device that easily enabled distance learning and video conferencing and also proved helpful for the hearing impaired. Then came such derivations as Skype and smartphones, and the videophone became ubiquitous worldwide. Other Scientific Contributions Zaras other inventions and discoveries include: Improving methods of producing and harnessing solar energy, including new designs for a solar-powered water heater, stove, and battery (1960s)Inventing wooden aircraft propellers  and  a corresponding propeller-cutting machine (1952)Designing a microscope with a collapsible stageHelping design the robot Marex X-10, which could walk, talk, and respond to commandsInventing the vapor chamber, used to visualize radioactive elements Zara died of heart failure at the age of 76 in 1978. Legacy In his lifetime, Gregorio Zara amassed 30 patents. In the year of his death he was presented the National Scientist Award, the highest honor  the Philippine government gives to Filipino scientists, by President Ferdinand E. Marcos. He also received: The Presidential Diploma of MeritThe Distinguished Service Medal (1959) for his pioneering works and achievements in solar energy research, aeronautics, and televisionThe Presidential Gold Medal and Diploma of Honor for Science and Research (1966)The Cultural Heritage Award for Science Education and Aero Engineering (1966) Sources Meet Gregorio Zara, the Filipino Engineer Who Created the World’s First Video Phone. Gineersnow.com.Today in Philippine History, March 8, 1902, Gregorio Y. Zara was born in Lipa City, Batangas. The Kahimyang Project.Role Models in Science Engineering Achievement: Gregorio Zara. Scienceblogs.com.Miss Philippines of the Manila Carnival, Engracia Arcinas Laconico. Manila Carnivals 1908-39.

Essay about Criticism of Religion in Voltaire’s Candide

Criticism of Religion in Voltaire’s Candide In his novel Candide, Voltaire often criticized religious beliefs of the times. His criticism of religion surfaces throughout the entire story. The kindness of the Anabaptist that Candide met showed the silliness of religious prejudices. The old womans story of her father, Pope Urban X, and the life of wealth she lived as a child shows the corruption of the Catholic clergy. Finally, the conversation Candide and Cacambo had with the old man in Eldorado shows the benefits of a simple religion, a contrast of the European religions of the time. During the eighteenth century, the Anabaptists were often persecuted and hated because of their radical religious beliefs. Voltaire attacked this†¦show more content†¦James, the Anabaptist, witnessed this horrible action towards Candide and invited him into his own home, served him bread and beer and gave him two florins. Later on, in a journey to Lisbon, a sailor fell into the ocean, and so James quickly helped him back onto the ship, but, in the course of his efforts, he was thrown into the sea in full view of the sailor, who let him perish without deigning even to look at him (28). James kindness resulted in his death. Voltaire included this Anabaptist in his story to display the silliness of religious prejudices. This man was hated by society because of his religious views, but he was kind to others, unlike the Protestants and the sailor that Candide encountered. Voltaire also criticized the corruption found in the clergy of the Catholic Church. An old woman took care of Candide after his flogging in Lisbon and reunited him with his long lost love, Cunegonde. While on a ship, the three exchanged stories of their adventures and the troubles that they had faced. In the beginning of the old womans story she said, I am the daughter of Pope Urban X and the Princess of Palestrina (42). She then talked about the magnificent palace that she grew up in and the riches that she enjoyed and how she was betrothed to a prince of Massa-Carrara. This story was mentioned in Candide because it showed the corruption of the Catholic clergy. The pope, a man who was supposed to be celibate and follow the example of Christ, insteadShow MoreRelated Candide by Voltaire Essay example1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthe author of the novella Candide, also known as Optimism. The the novella, Voltaire portrays the idea of Optimism as being illogical and absurd. In Candide, Vol taire satirizes the doctrine of Optimism, an idea that was greatly used during the Enlightenment time period by philosophers. In this narrative, Candide is a young man who goes through a series of undertakings and ventures around the the globe where he experiences evil and adversity. Throughout his journeys, Candide maintained the ideas ofRead MoreVoltaire s Candide : A Critique Of Politics And Religion During The Age Of Enlightenment1500 Words   |  6 Pagespublished Candide, ou l Optimisme simultaneously in five European countries in January of 1759, it was met with widespread denouncement due to its controversial content and scandalous portrayal of politics and religion. Nevertheless, the bitingly satirical novel fervently spread throughout Europe and was translated into several more languages, selling tens of thousands of copies within its first year of publication (Barnes). Despite being first categorized as dangerous blasphemy, Candide is now regardedRead MoreReligion, Polit ics and Morals in Voltaire’s Candide1300 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Religion, Politics and Morals† How did Voltaire exploit the pre-modern era through mockery and criticism of 18th century society? Voltaire’s Candide can be understood in several ways by its audience. At a first glance it would appear to be simply a story blessed with outrageous creativity, but if you look deeper in to the novel, a more complicated and meaningful message is buried within. Voltaire uses the adventures of Candide as a representation of what he personally feels is wrong within in societyRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment By Voltaire1572 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the 1620s until the 1780s. This movement began in England, and steadily spread almost worldwide before long. The term Enlightenment was used to contrast the Dark Ages, a time in which innovation and free-thinking was at an all-time low. Voltaire’s French philosophy included free-thinking and the struggle for defense of civil liberties, in which he uses almost every known literary form, including novels, poetry, and performance art such as plays. His intellectual skepticism of traditionalRead MoreThe Candide By Francois Mar ie Arouet970 Words   |  4 PagesCaleb Hart-Ruderman Ogunkoya World History-H/P8 January 7th 2015 Candide Candide was written by Franà §ois-Marie Arouet or as he is most well known by his pen name, Voltaire. Candide was published by Sirà ¨ne in January 1759. This book was chosen because it is relevant to the Enlightenment through the stories of Candide. mentions many key points that period. One reason why this book is very controversial and important is because the enlightenment believed in the Leibnizian philosophy of blind optimismRead MoreCandide Essay example579 Words   |  3 PagesCandide Candide, written by Voltaire during the 18th century is a celebrated novel known for its strong criticism of the Middle Ages and Enlightenment expressed by Voltaire. During the transformation from the Middle Ages to The Enlightenment, social, religious and political ideas were rejected and emphasis was placed on rationalism. Three examples of this notion that are expressed in Candide are as follows. Social conduct that was normally practiced during the 18th century was thrown out ofRead MoreCritical Analysis on Voltaire’s Candide, â€Å"Eldorado†2027 Words   |  9 PagesThe story of Candide, â€Å"Eldorado† and what the meaning is, has been one of debate as to what Voltaire was interpreting in the story by some authors. The scene of Eldorado is the visual philosophy of Voltaire’s thoughts of what an ideal society would be. It is a land of richness and where there is a state of being equal in status, rights, belief, and opportunity; it is free of greed, claiming titles or importance, religious strife or contention, and there is no suffering (Mason 55). Eldorado also bringsRead MoreVoltaire s View Of Candide1511 Words   |  7 Pages Voltaire s Candide is a satirical work written in 1759 as a commentary during the Enlightenment. One of Voltaire s most famous works, it also functioned to reflect Voltaire s opinions. Candide is considered Voltaire s signature work in which he levels his sharpest criticism against nobility, philosophy, the church, and human cruelty. Though often considered a representative text of the Enlightenment era, the novel criticizes a number of Enlightenment philosophies. As reading and books wereRead MoreVoltaire s Candide : Candide1766 Words   |  8 PagesVoltaire: Candide In Voltaire’s satirical novella Candide, he analyzes and criticizes the absolutist perspectives that were common of his era. By constructing his characters to each represent a different absolutist faith, he uses comedy to exaggerate and emphasize the faults in each perspective, ultimately describing the world through a cynical lens. As an influential writer of the Enlightenment period, Voltaire’s dispute of faith aligns with the enlightened goals of separating the individual fromRead More Satire in Moliere’s Tartuffe, Voltaire’s Candide, and Swift’s A Modest Proposal931 Words   |  4 Pagesup human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn.† Besides this definition satire can also be seen as the particular literary way of making possible the improvement of humanity and its institutions. In the three works: Moliere’s â€Å"Tartuffe,† Voltaire’s â€Å"Candide,† and Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† the aut hors indirectly criticize and ridicule human behavior and characteristics but with the goal for improving these faults rather than just demolishing them.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Moliere’s â€Å"Tartuffe

What would be the Global Benefit Free Essays

The gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ has been growing steadily over time. The statistics are heartrending. Of the world’s adult population, 2% own greater than 50% of the world’s household wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on What would be the Global Benefit? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, the upper 1% of the world’s adult population, as of the year 2000, owned about 40% of all the worlds’ assets. Further, 10% of the world’s richest people account for 85% of the world’s wealth. Sadly, the bottom 50% of the world’s adult population only manages 1% of the world’s wealth. These statistics can only be described as dismal (Davies, Sandstrom, Shorrocks Wolff, 2006). According to the World Economic and Social Survey carried out in the year 2006, the growth of the world’s developing countries is dependent on domestic policies as well as the regional environment and global economic environment (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Since it was found that developing countries are growing at a much less rate than their developed counterparts as far as technological advances are concerned, changes need to be made to make growth and development feasible. These developing countries are finding it difficult to come up with new activities that will strengthen the countries economy (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Some of the changes that need to be made include the following: There is a need for macroeconomic stability with does not just mean low inflation, but includes the avoidance of fluctuations in business cycles as well as financial crises and external imbalances. This will increase investment and encourage growth within the country (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). The developing countries will also need to create new institutional reforms, guarantee property rights and create new markets. Institutional frameworks and regulations that are needful for the flourishing of markets must also be provided. The necessary public resources to ensure a thriving market should be put in place and rules must be fair across the board (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Globalization has done a great job of opening up governments to the idea of a free-market. This in turn has opened up new opportunities in global trade as well as investment. With new markets comes a new potential for production to meet the demand, hence more income for the individual and the country (What is globalization? ). Globalization may help reduce the economic imbalances by renegotiating barriers that may be there in commerce, thereby establishing favorable agreements that will encourage trade in services, goods and investment. This is great for fostering foreign partnership with different corporations setting up shop in a developing country of choice bringing, employment opportunities and skills transfer to the people of the land which they can use in the future. This then increases their household wealth and raises the standards of the people closing the inequality gap. Technology also has a great role to play. The internet for instance has made it possible for many people in developing countries to engage in e-commerce (What is globalization? ). This has transformed the economic lives of many people, especially computer literate youth. The advantages of information technology are vast and touch the lives of investors, consumers and businesses. People in any nation are able to learn about opportunities in a timely manner, which allows them to pursue the said opportunities faster. Additionally, the analysis of economic trends is faster. Collaboration and communication with partners in far away countries is instant and assets can be transferred at the click of a button. All these are ways that globalization opens up developing countries to opportunities all over the world and if maximized, these opportunities can lead to economic uplifting. (What is globalization? ). One cannot forget those that have no access to the internet though, or cannot afford it. According to the World Development Report 2007, majority of the worlds poor depend on agriculture for their livelihood. 75% of the poor people in the world live in rural areas, of these 86% are dependent on agriculture (Boyne, 2007). Therefore one cannot speak of the development of wealth equality without addressing the issue of agriculture. According to this report, in order to meet the millennium development goal of reducing poverty and hunger by 50% by the year 2015 in these poor developing countries, agricultural development is a must. In order to make agriculture the mainstay of rural development it is important that the local authorities in any country make the environment suitable and supportive. Additionally, fair rules trade both nationally and internationally must be established, mitigating climatic changes as well as adopting to them and benefiting the poor (Boyne, 2007). The US being counted among the developed and richest countries in the world is often called upon to assist or give aid to countries that are less fortunate. The money used for such funding is gained from the American tax payer. If the nations of the world were more stable due to equality in wealth distribution, it goes without saying that many of those countries would require only a fraction of the said funding or none at all. The US could then use the funds to carry out other projects or fund social programs such as welfare for those within the country that need the help. Additionally, social security funds would not be used to fund other programs leading to a deficit and fear as the baby boomers reach retirement age. More funding would go into research, fortifying the military or homeland defense, as well as many other projects that would be beneficial to the country. This would ease political tensions and bickering and allow elected officials to work without distraction. Internationally, it would enable to worlds countries to interact as equals. The dominance asserted by the nations lending aid to poor countries would cease. This would reduce anti American sentiment in many of these poor nations. The opening of global markets is the best way to deal with the issue of unequal wealth distribution. Setting fair international trade regulations will be of great benefit towards this endeavor and agriculture, the main livelihood of the very poor, must be addressed. Benefits of this will be enormous to the US as it will enable the country to retain majority, if not all donor funds which can then be utilized for the benefits of the American people, who earned the money in the first place. References Boyne, I. (2007, October 21). Investment, Inequality Growing Globally. Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2007/1021invest. htm Davies, J. B. , Sandstrom, S. , Shorrocks, A Wolff,E. N. (2006, December 5). The world distribution of household wealth. World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University (UN-WIDER). Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/1206unufull. pdf Reducing international inequality – UN report. (2006, July). Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/0715southbulletin. htm What is globalization? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalization101. org/What_is_Globalization. html? PHPSESSID=359a52eea34f319e3d9e49a50fe9ae0e How to cite What would be the Global Benefit?, Papers

Nicole and the others steal the show Essay Example For Students

Nicole and the others steal the show Essay Chilling performances by Nicole Kidman and Fionnula Flanagan have propelled this critically acclaimed Oscar winning film straight to the top of the box office. This film is billed as a horror film, but unlike many blockbuster Hollywood films, it isnt repeated frights with a very weak plot linking them; instead the director has worked very closely with the writers to create a very clever film which makes you think, not jump. The film uses lighting and music to build up suspense. The film is set in a typical gothic horror house on the mist-strewn island of Jersey. The writers have presented the director with a gift; the children of the house where the film is set are allergic to light, the means the house curtains have to always be closed and the house for ever shrouded in darkness. The only light is cast by the old lanterns which create eerie shadows and play tricks with the eyes. The director has used this very effectively to make the audiences eyes play tricks on them and make them see things, which arent really there. This has been used very effectively as can be seen in the wardrobe scene, a full technical analysis of this scene can be f ound later in the magazine. This film lets you build your own ideas about ghosts and death instead of thrusting Hollywoods interpretations of them into your face. Before this film was even released one of the main talking points is the certificate of the film, it is a 12. As appose to normal horror film which are of a much higher certificate. The main reason for this is the fact that the film is a completely different genre to any film seen before. It is a clever film which builds up suspense by using music and lighting. The main reason this film isnt as 15 or 18 is that there isnt any gore in the film, you dont see and evil happenings they are all imaged. You can make this film as scary as you like, if you believe in ghosts than this film can be very scary because you get completely engrossed in the film. If you detach yourself from the film and watch it as an outsider then you can find the film very entertain but not scary. The best played parts of this film are the two main characters, Grace Stewart Nicole Kidman and Mrs Mills Fionnula Flanagan; they are both very different characters. Nicole Kidman has been very well cast because Grace, her character is a very straight laced and everything about Nicole fits this role. Everything from her posture to her voice is exactly how the character should be played. Grace is a very restrained person who wears very tight restraining clothes, and talks in a quite high pitched, but quiet voice. As Nicole Kidman is a tall thin she wears long dresses that are tight and very high  necked. These clothes are very restricting and they give you any insight to the personality of whom is wearing them. Everything about Grace is a very controlling, in fact she is somewhat of a control freak, and when the ghosts do invade Graces houses, and she loses control of the house, and what is going on around her then she goes mad because she can on longer control her surroundings. On the other hand there is Mrs Mills who is a completely different character. She is by for more of a mother to the children than Grace is. She is a very maternal women, she always dresses in very Victorian black servant clothes. This is a very clever pointer to the outcome of the film, because at the dÃÆ' ©nouement of the film you realise that the clothes are Victorian and they match the age in which Mrs Mills lived. Unlike Grace, Mrs Mills has a very calming soft voice, whereas Graces voice is a complete contrast, it is a sharp, high pitched monotone voice. Mrs Mills is also much more motherly towards the children, for example when Grace shouts at Anne and sends her to her room she instead runs to Mrs Mills who comforts her. This shows up the stark contrast between the childrens relationship with their mother and their nanny. Mrs Mills has also accepted the fact that she is a ghost, and doesnt have a problem with it, so she is much calmer about all the sounds and strange happeni ngs around the house. .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 , .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .postImageUrl , .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 , .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:hover , .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:visited , .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:active { border:0!important; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:active , .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1 .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud29592fbae71f45bb7427892407b46a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jewel: Pieces Of A Shattered Dream EssayOn the whole this is a quiet complex film with many turns in the plot, it will take a quick whited viewer to keep up, but if you want more than your normal Hollywood horror film then this is a must see. Here is a technical analysis of the wardrobe scene in The Others. Black text is the camera shot. Red text is the sound. The children are running away from the intruders. They go and hide inside a wardrobe. ï‚ · Silence apart from a quick whispered conversation between Anne and Nicholas building tension and fear ï‚ · Big Close Up B.C.U on Anne ï‚ · Cut to B.C.U of Nicholas ï‚ · Two cuts between close ups of Anne and Nicholas ï‚ · Lots of rapidly cuts between Anne and Nicholas following their conversation ï‚ · Silence except from breathing ï‚ · There is the sound of frightened breathing and the audience cant tell if it is inside, or out of the wardrobe ï‚ · Close up of both Anne and Nicholas ï‚ · Audience and children wonder who is breathing, It appears as if it is Nicholas. Audience and children cant decider if it is inside or outside the wardrobe. Voice outside wardrobe saying come with us, it is a very calm quiet voice. Audience think it is one of the intruders ï‚ · The breathing becomes heavier, everyone is listening intently to the breathing ï‚ · Slight tracking shot from Nicholas to Anne ï‚ · Sudden high pitched loud scream from Anne and banging of wardrobe door ï‚ · Cut to low angle, point of view shot from Anne and Nicholas of the old woman that is the medium that has flung open the wardrobe doors. ï‚ · Four zoom shots from point of view of Anne and Nicholas one after the other, this maximises the dramatic effect. ï‚ · Cut to medium close up of old woman ï‚ · Close up of a screaming Anne ï‚ · Tracking shot of Anne ï‚ · Grace gasping in shock reacting to Annes scream ï‚ · Cut to high angle shot of Grace from the top of the stairs